Human resource in public sector (several topics to choose from) Essay

Human resource in public sector (several topics to choose from) - Essay Example It can further be said that a performance appraisal is an assessment and discussion of how a worker has performed in his or her work and this assessment is completely based on the performance of the individual workers. It is not based on the characteristics that are displayed by the individuals in the workplace and the latter are some of the most commendable aspects of performance appraisals. This process helps in the measurement of the skills that have been displayed and the things which a worker has accomplished with as much accuracy and uniformity as possible and this is done with the aim of ensuring that the improvement of the performance of the organization concerned. When this process is conducted within an organization, it more often than not leads to the understanding of the workers by the management of the said organization. ... In addition, this process is designed to ensure that the workers, through an assessment of their abilities, are provided with the opportunities that are necessary for the promotion of their professional growth. It can be said to be a methodical process which gives the direct supervisors of the workers being assessed the opportunity to determine the skills of the said workers so that they can measure the payments that are made to the workers in comparison to the aims and objectives of the organization (Kline & Sulsky, 2009). It is a process which also provides the management of the organization the opportunity to make an analysis of the factors that determine how the workers perform over a certain period. One would say that it is a process that helps the organization’s management to be in a position where it is able to provide guidance to its workers towards a path which will lead to the better performance of their work. In many organizations, the process that is performance ap praisal that is conducted among their workers is an activity which has to be conducted on an annual basis and has to be conducted regularly and in a standardized manner to ensure that there is a thorough assessment of the functioning of the organizations involved. While this can be said to be the ideal scenario, in many cases, the role that is given to the immediate supervisors of the workers under them as not only as the assessor, but also a judge, tends not to go down well with them and it is a fact that the entire procedure tends to be heartily disliked by many supervisors. This is because of the fact that many of the supervisors involved tend to hold the fate of their employees in their hands during this process, a situation which many individuals do not often lightly, since

Tobacco and alcohol Negative Impacts Essay Example for Free

Tobacco and alcohol Negative Impacts Essay Today, controversial questions are now rising like â€Å"Are law makers being duped into thinking that legal drugs are the more dangerous, not because of their intrinsic qualities, but simply because they are more widely used?† and â€Å"Should not we be worried about what will happen when current illegal drugs are legalized and much more widely used?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lawmakers claim that the legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco, are more dangerous than has been acknowledged and, in fact more dangerous than the illegal drugs like heroin, marijuana, and cocaine. (Van, 1984) Ideologically speaking it is discriminatory and unfair if alcohol and tobacco are freely sold and that illegal drugs are not. Empirically, alcohol and tobacco are medically more harmful than cocaine, heroin, and other illegal drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Around four hundred thirty thousand Americans die per year because of tobacco and more than one hundred thousand die because of alcohol. While illegal drugs only adds up to a mere three thousand five hundred a year. It is surprising that tobacco and alcohol kill hundreds and thousands of users and nonusers as well, counting victims of homicide, accidents and passive smoke.(Nadelemann, 1989). This only proves that tobacco and alcohol is almost one hundred fifty times more dangerous than illegal drugs. Criminalization makes illegal drugs harmful. (Van, 1985) Legalizing them will make them less harmful. Why? Their production and dosage will be regulated and will be standardized. These will sure have a dramatic reduction in mortality rate for illegal drugs. In terms of chronic medical effect, these drugs do not cause any medical pathology as compared with alcohol and tobacco cigarettes do. Any drugs cannot match the ravaging impact of alcohol in the liver and tobacco’s carcinogenic impact on the lungs. Reference Grinspoon, Lester, and James B. Bakalar. 1993. Marihuana: The Forbidden Medicine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. Nadelmann, Ethan A. 1990. Should Some Illegal Drugs Be Legalized? Legalization Is the Answer. Issues in Science and Technology, 6 (Summer): 43-46. Van Natta, Pearl, Henry Malin, Darryl Bertolucci, and Charles Kaelber. 1984-85. The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hidden Influence of Alcohol on Mortality. Alcohol Health and Research World, 9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Winter): 56-59. Weaver, Mary Anne. 1995. Children of Jihad. The New Yorker, June 12, pp.40-47.

Fate in Medea Essay -- Classics Medea Greek Essays

Observation and Interpretation: Throughout the text, fate and the gods are blamed for the cause of the problems, however subsequent choices made later on by the characters appear to be free will, however are actually influenced by fate and the gods. So what?: This makes the audience blame the gods for the overall out come, but still blame the main character for her choices. Quotes: P48 l. 1014-1015 â€Å"The gods/ And my evil-hearted plots have led to this.† P39 l. 717 â€Å"What good luck chance has brought you.† P61 l. 1416-1419 â€Å"Many matters the gods bring to surprising ends./ The things we thought would happen do not happen;/ The unexpected God makes possible;/ And such is the conclusion of this story.† To an ancient Greek, fate was thought of as the power that determined all of our destinies, although a person could make choices along their life to change small outcomes, which was the extent of free will. In the play Medea, fate is used as a scapegoat to blame some of the problems happening to the characters, despite the fact that most of the characters had free will. In some instances the characters are not even aware of the causes behind the causes of their problems. Therefore, throughout the text, fate and the gods are blamed for the cause of the problems, however subsequent choices made later on by the characters appear to be free will, however are actually influenced by fate and the gods. The characters in the play make many references to...

myths :: essays research papers

Myths are entertaining stories; they cover the basis from Heroin adventures, tales of heroism, passionate love stories, Monsters, Gods and much more. In their time myths would serve many important functions for the society and culture that believed in them. Myths attempt to explain the unanswerable questions to provide reasons that things are the way they are. Classical myths are terrific entertaining stories, the most common are of the Greek and Romans. For the ancients, they had a religious significance. They explain the creation of the universe, the condition of the natural and social words, the authenticity of Kings or the beginning of religious rituals. Myths had various functions in society, one of them was religious function, and stories that concern themselves with the nature and actions of Gods and the way they relate to the human race. The myth would inform the Romans and the Greeks which Gods they should petition for specific types of help. Some Gods were Goddess Hestia, for the safety of house and family. Athena, for wisdom and courage, Demeter for an abundant harvest and Zeus for Justice and military might. Myths, also explore all aspects of life. Love can be painful as in the night of Echo and Narcissus, both Echo and Narcissus remain solitary tragic figures, cursed with loneliness and tormented by a love they can never have. Myths can serve to justify or validate social standing or political power in the world. The Romans for example used mythology to establish lineage for the rulers. Roman myths showed their line of Kings and later emperors to be descended not only form great heroes, but from the gods themselves. The cosmological function of myths is to help us understand more fully who we are, Questions like who am I? How am I to conduct my self, where am I going? How can I best serve this world? The shaman was the one person that you could go to get answers to things that where unknown. Most of the time he was the old wise man that knew a lot, he was like a teacher to the people, his role was a mediator between people and spirits, they were historians they kept most of the stories and happenings of the community and would pass them on the future generations. Today this person is called a Scientist, they play that same role they give us answers to the unknown and they keep records of it and pass on to future generation and

Emile Durkheim: Contributions to Sociology Essay

Emile Durkheim’s philosophies and ideas had emerged during a time that his country, had been going through a lot of instabilities. Scenarios of disequilibrium that even lead to a greater molding and shaping of such ethos. During his childhood, France was experiencing a social and political unrest. The after war with Germany and the defeat of 1870 were the major causation of such. A deep crisis it is, for such a young â€Å"sociologist to be†, which even tends towards a better establishment of his career. Politically, the rise of the Third Republic in 1875 indeed works out from conflicts between Republicans and Royalists. On the economic area, the rise of industrial capitalism made the some realization on the workers, influenced of course by the socialist theories and Marxism. Moreover, there was an immense growth of ‘secular’ spirit seeking to counter the Church’s hold on education. Also, development in the physical and natural sciences managed to develop, thus making other fields become more quantitative and less qualitative- which means less focus on theories on such (e. g. economics). The young Emile sensed that he had a role to play in the development of his country and chooses to be a teacher, contributing a progress through teaching. Truly the institutionalization of a science of education was inseparable from Durkheim’s formal definition of sociology, thus making the father of sociology be the first educational sociology (Filloux, 2001). The Condemnation As much as Marxism undergone travails and disrepute, Durkheimian philosophy also struggled towards appreciation within the realms of sociology. But then these tests of his’ soon earned its deference during the immediate post-World War II. Since, it ended up much influential in sociology than those of Marx’s or Weber’s. Conservatism and positivism are the two main grounds that his critics exceedingly reacted to. The accusation of conservatism took its force from Durkheim’s emphasis upon society as a moral unity. His concern with the social solidarity and the containment of damage to it were understood by his critics to mean that the application and development of his approach would necessarily serve the existing social order. This interpretation downplayed- in fact wholly neglected- the social criticism in Durkheim’s writings, together with his reputation in his own time as a socialist and a radical. The charge of positivism was more justifiable (Alexander, 1998). Suicide Balance between the individual and society consumes much of Durkheim’s concern in his later works. In arguing the social foundations of individualism, Durkheim recognized that a degree of individualism was natural to modern societies. He was not against individualism as such, but opposed its rampant, pathological forms. The issue therefore, was how to strike a balance between interdependence and individual freedom, on the one hand, subordination to the collective, on the other. Suicide varies according to their social ties, to their presence or absence, their strength and weakness. It is important to remember that it is differential rates between social groups that Durkheim sought to explain. Case in point, according to him, Protestants tends to commit suicide more than the Catholics and Jews do. If we meddle deeply into this context, though much of the written literatures on this argument were not elaborated, we can see that what do Protestants have to commit such kind of â€Å"irrational† acts? Maybe it is in the belief the Protestants are holding on. Or maybe it is because of the ‘closed-mindedness’ of their culture that drives the individual towards freedom from the bondage of tradition. And the condemnation they receive from such wrong doings intensifies the feeling of guilt and will end up to committing suicide. The egoistic and anomic-reflect social ties that are too weak; the altruistic and fatalistic types arise from connections that are too strong. These are the four proposed basic types of suicide from Durkheim. Egoistic suicide results from the social isolation of the individual. In this case, the person feels that sympathy from others does not exist. He is alone. By contrast, anomic suicide was occasioned by insufficient social regulation of the individual. Altruism and fatalism are at the other extreme. Altruism involves individuals seeing the pre-eminence of the group over them to the extent that the group’s needs seem greater than theirs. In fatalism, individuals are dominated by the group so intensely and oppressively that they are rendered entirely powerless over their fate (Douglas. 1967).

Perfect wife Essay Example

Perfect wife Essay Example Perfect wife Paper Perfect wife Paper Elizabeth Barrett Browning Aurora Leigh An exploration of the alterity of the artist woman in Book 2 and 3, focussing upon the symbolic judgments voiced by Romney and Lady Waldemar, with reference to Auroras impertinence and asexuality. Both Romney Leigh and Lady Waldemar make symbolic judgments about Aurora. They are disturbed by her role as a writer, which they view as impertinence. As an artist woman in a mans world, this makes Aurora neither man nor woman in their eyes but asexual. This essay explores these judgments in the light of Auroras otherness which is in contrast to the identity which a patriarchal society has constructed for women. Romneys voice is the voice of patriarchy. His speech reveals the identity that a patriarchal society has constructed for women when he tells Aurora that the proper place for a Woman as you are, mere woman, personal and passionate is in the role of: doting mothers, and perfect wives, Sublime Madonnas, and enduring saints! (II. 220-3) As this speech shows, Romney believes all women should remain within the traditional roles assigned to them by patriarchy. The expectation for women is that they resemble in behaviour, the Virgin Mary or other saints, who endure great hardship but without complaint. Victorian society believed that a womans sole focus in life should be on the needs of her children and her husband and only then can she be viewed as the perfect wife. Romney Leigh sees nothing in Aurora which resembles any of these attributes for as he says, We get no Christ from you. (II.224) As a writer, Aurora fails to conform to the ideal woman, wife and mother as it has been constructed by patriarchy, rather she embodies an otherness which is in complete contrast to this ideal. However, Romney even refuses to give her credit for her writing because he feels her lack of womanly virtue destroys her credibility as an artist, and verily/We shall not get a poet, in my mind. (II. 224-5) Clearly, Romney views Auroras otherness as an impediment to her skills as a writer because he believes she is unable to act like a woman was expected to be. This notion is revealed further when Romney accuses the woman artist of trying to be a prophet, who is attempting to teach the living about things which woman cannot understand. What Romney means is that women are supposedly only sympathetic to the personal woes in life, whereas men are capable of sympathizing with a more universal anguish and general suffering in the world. (II. 181-199) He tells Aurora: You weep for what you know. A red-haired child Sick in fever, if you touch him once, Though but so little as with a finger-tip,Will set you weeping; but a million sick You could as soon weep for the rule of three Or compound fractions. (II. 213-18) This reveals not only Romneys patronizing symbolic judgement of the woman artist being incapable of experiencing any emotion with regard to the greater, and in his view, far more important issues in life, but also that all women are incapable of having these feelings which is why he believes women do not make good writers. In Romneys judgment, all women are selfish and not do feel anything for the wider and more important issues. He says that since this is a world/Uncomprehended by women, then the world should remain Uninfluenced by women. (II. 218-20) Since Romney Leigh perceives women to be outside the realm of true human emotion, he even sees them as not human. Indeed, Romneys symbolic judgment of womenartists is that they are like beasts for Aurora is described as a grand wild creature of the woods, who hate[s] the stall built for her. (II. 1098/9) In other words, Aurora is like a horse.

How to Cancel SAT Scores

How to Cancel SAT Scores It happens after every test administration. Kids take the SAT test, then go home fraught with worry, anxiety, stress, and depression because they realize that they didnt do as well as they could have. Perhaps they didnt do one of the seven things they were supposed to do the night before the SAT, or maybe they just didnt get the right SAT prep materials to really knock their score out of the ballpark. Their question is, Can you cancel SAT scores? And much to their relief, the answer is a quick and easy, Yes! Should You Cancel SAT Scores? Before you decide to cancel, you must first realize that youll truly have no way of knowing how well youve done on the exam until you get your SAT scores back, and that always happens a few weeks after your test. So, if you choose to cancel your scores, youll be going on gut instinct alone, which isnt always a bad thing. But there are a few things to consider before you choose to cancel your scores. Dont cancel if†¦ youre being paranoid. Most people have a little bit of doubt surrounding their testing performance. Is your doubt without warrant, based only on your paranoia? Then perhaps you should keep your scores. Remember that with Score Choice, you get to choose to report the scores youd like to the schools to which youre applying. Cancel if†¦ there are extenuating circumstances that prevented you from doing your best. Perhaps you tossed and turned for two nights prior to the exam and woke up groggy and dim the day of the test. Or, maybe you woke up with the flu, but decided to test anyway because you didnt want to pay the SAT registration fee again. Or, maybe you were seated next to someone who distracted you in some way so you lost your place, miscalculated your time, and ended up having to erase half of your scantron. Things happen! You Can Cancel SAT Scores At the Test Center If you realize immediately after youve taken the test that your SAT score is not going to get you into one of your top choices because you skipped sections or miscalculated, then you can cancel your scores even before you leave the test center. First, ask the test supervisor for a Request to Cancel Test Scores form.Next, fill out the form and sign it right then and there.Finally, give the form to the test supervisor before you get in your car and leave the test center. You Can Cancel SAT Scores at Home Maybe youre not as enlightened to your poor performance on the SAT. The desire to cancel might not really hit you until youve gone home and had a few conversations with friends about a particular reading passage in one of the Critical Reading sections (that you cant remember at all). If this is you, theres still time if you act quickly- very quickly. The College Board must receive your score cancellation request in writing no later than 11:59 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the Wednesday after your test date. Thats not much time at all! If you want to cancel, heres what to do: First, immediately download and print the Request to Cancel SAT Scores form from the College Board website.Then youll need to fill it out, sign it, and either fax or overnight the request per these instructions:Fax: (610) 290-8978Overnight delivery via U.S. Postal Service Express Mail (U.S. only): SAT Score Cancellation, P.O. Box 6228, Princeton, NJ 08541-6228Other overnight mail service or courier (U.S. or international): SAT Score Cancellation, 1425 Lower Ferry Road, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA

Feminism In Film Essays

Feminism In Film Essays Feminism In Film Essay Feminism In Film Essay Professor Parallel April 11, 2013 Feminism: Female Protagonists Against Moral and Social Crime In our society today, there are many different types of crimes being committed everyday. These crimes range in severity and type. There are very blatant crimes such as murder or burglary, but there are also more subtle crimes such as moral or social crimes. Moral or social crimes are ones that go against commonly accepted moral or social codes. Some examples of these crimes are racism, substance abuse, or discrimination against a group based on a similar quality. One major types of coordination that we have seen in our society is gender discrimination, mainly against women. This type of discrimination sparked a phenomena called feminism. Feminism promotes gender equality and fights for womens rights in all aspects of society. Today, we can see feminism all around us from women in the workforce to literature and cinema. Three films that strongly support gender equality and pro- feminism are The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, the Alien film series (Alien, Aliens, Alien 3, and Alien Resurrection), and Legally Blonde. : One aspect of these films that makes hem so interesting is the fact that they are so different and they are able to convey many aspects of feminism. The film The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo was released in 2011 and directed by David Finches. This film was based on the novel The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Sties Larsson and it is the second film adoption made; the first was a Swedish version released in 2009. The original Swedish title of this novel was MÂ ¤n Some Hater Skiving, which translates to Men Who Hate Women. This title was originally chosen because if sums up the misogynistic crimes in the book. The 2011 film focuses on an English Journalist Mikhail Biologist (played by Daniel Craig) and his computer hacking female assistant Elisabeth Slander (played by Rooney Mar). Together, this duo is investigation the whereabouts of a girl who went missing forty years prior. Although the heart of this story is about the investigation of the missing girl, many tend to focus more on the crimes that are committed against the leading female character. She has been sentenced to state legal guardianship due to being diagnosed with mental incompetence. This means that the state does not believe she is able to take are of herself, so they have assigned someone to manage her finances and most aspects of her life. The court has placed her under the supervision off lawyer, Nils Bujumbura. This alone is a moral crime against Elisabeth because they are placing the power over her in the hands if a man. This man proceeds to blackmail her into granting him sexual favors in return for access to her finances. Elisabeth is complacent in the beginning because Bujumbura is not forcing her to have vaginal sex but he eventually asks her for more. When Elisabeth refuses his off, he proceeds to brutally has been committed against her. She proceeds to attack him at their next meeting, rape his with a dildo in the same manner he raped her, and permanently tattoos l am a rapist pig across his chest and stomach. Once she is done, she informs his that she filmed him taking advantage of her and she blackmails him into giving her full control of her finances and life. This is the main crime against women because Bujumbura is abusing his power, taking advantage of her and ignoring her wishes. Elisabeth reaction to this is to take her power back. Fob recognize this? I had it with me last time I set it here, remember? And this snap, you see it? Its not a snap, its a wide angle fiber optics lens. I thought it was goanna be another blow Job, which is disgusting enough. But I misjudged Just how sick you are. Okay, heres whats going to happen. Pay attention. Look at me. Once you can sit again, which could be a while, I admit. Were going to g o to my bank and tell them that I alone have access to my money. Nod. After that you will never contact me again. Each month you will prepare a report of a meeting we will never have. In it you will describe how well Im doing, how sociable Im becoming. Then, you will negotiate with the court to have my acceleration if incompetence lifted. If you fail, this video will spread across the internet like a virus. Nod (Finches, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo). This quote represents main example of feminism in this film. As stated before, Elisabeth reaction is to rape Bujumbura and blackmail him. This shows the female rising up and showing the man that they are equal. She retaliates by treating him the exact way he treated her. She is showing him that she owns her own life and he does not have power over her Just because he is a man. Elisabeth is not the stereotypical female protagonist that many expect to see in a film or a novel. She is shown to be very masculine and harsh both in her appearance and personality. Although Elisabeth is not the stereotypical female protagonist, she is close to what one might expect for a stereotypical feminist. Her whole persona is what contributes to her being a feminist from her highly masculine appearance to her dont mess with me personality. She is shown with multiple tattoos, lots of piercing, short hair, and casually clothed. She is not a damsel in distress, or a woman who needs a man to protect her. She is an independent woman who can take care of her own affairs. Elisabeth is also not a woman who follows the standards of a female in conventional society. This contributes to her pro-feminist ideology because she comfortable in her own skin and she is a woman based in her own definition, not societys. The next group films that portray feminist ideas are the series of Alien movies. The first film, Alien, was directed by Riddled Scott and it was released in 1979. The second film, Aliens, was directed by James Cameron and it was released in 1986. The third film, Alien 3, was directed by David Finches and it was released in 1992. Lastly, the fourth film, Alien Resurrection, was directed by Jean-Pierre Jennet and was released in 1997. Although all four films were directed by different people, they all share the common theme of feminism in a very similar manner. All four movies are science fiction horror films and they follow the same plot line and back-story. The basic plot line for all four movies focuses on the main character Ellen Ripley (played by Sojourner Weaver) and her interactions with an alien race, the Xenomorphic. This alien race is very predatory and their only goal in life is to keep their race alive and growing. The most society, which means they only have one queen whose goal is to rule the society and the rest fight to protect her. To reproduce, the face-huggers must implant a living host with her larvae. Once implanted within the living host, the larvae will grow and then rip its way out off the halts chest. The first main way that this film series is feminist in nature if the spin it puts on traditional gender rolls and gender stereotypes. In a traditional gender role, the male is the one who is brave, protective, strong, and saves the day. On the other hand, the female is the one who is passive, cared, helpless, and is dependent on the male for survival. This film takes those roles and slightly switches them. The main character who is able to defeat the aliens is a woman, Ripley. Similarly to Elisabeth from The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, Ripley is not the stereotypical girl female protagonist. Ripley is always shown as being brave, courageous, and masculine. One main reason for the masculinity of Ripples character is because her role was originally written as a male character. The director chose to cast a female spur of the moment. Once they cast Sojourner Weaver, they made very few changes to the script or direction. Ripley is also an interesting and pro-feminist protagonist because she is not involved with a man and there is no romance in the plot. This shows that she is an independent woman who is able to thrive on her own. Ripley, though, is not saved through the interventions of a male hero: she saves herself (Tory). Ripley is a character who is able to develop and survive without the help off male counterpart. This shows that Ripley is an independent woman who does not need help to succeed. Through the progression of each film, Ripples character becomes more masculine and independent but she never looses her femininity. For example, in Aliens, the crew discovers a young girl named Newt who has been able to survive on her own. Ripley proceeds to take Newt under her wing and protect her in a very maternal way. Newt becomes extremely attached to Ripley and even starts referring to her as Mommy. In contrast to Ripley, there are male characters such as Dallas who are reliant on the female character and are not able to protect themselves. Many of the males in these films are shown as cowards and helpless. In the first film Alien, a male character is the only one who is impregnated by the aliens and dies as a result. This is a very interesting stereotypical role reversal because Kane, a male character, is the one being raped, impregnated and giving birth. Kane has been impregnated by the face- hugger and he then awakens with no memory of the event. This is very similar to women being raped and not remembering the event because they were drugged with Roping or Speculation, the two most common date rape drugs. Kane gives birth to an alien known as a chest-buster, which is the most graphic scene in the entire film. Kane is shown to be in excruciating pain while the phallic-shaped alien fetus frees itself from the confines of his chest. This also mirrors the great deal of pain women feel during the birthing process. The Alien film series has been drenched in gender, rape and feminism since the concept was first conceived. The visual concepts were adapted from the works of H. R. Geiger. In Jiggers original designs, he made the creatures very blatantly sexual featuring multiple body parts made out of human genitalia. Although the final visuals in the movies are not exactly like Jiggers original concepts, they are toned down versions that still possess genitalia on the alien starship, and bulbous mammary projections everywhere virtually every cone works itself out within a matrix of sexual suggestiveness (Cobs). This shows the extent of sexual references within this film and how Jiggers vision was adapted onscreen. One interesting thing in these films is that genitalia are used to identify gender in our society but that is not true in the Alien series. This means that the gender of the aliens cannot be determines by their phallic or vaginal appearance. In the films, we are shown that the Xenomorphic are able to experience change in their gender. First, the eggs are made to mirror the appearance off penis head. This is notary to common belief because, traditionally, we view eggs as being a product of women and therefore a feminine byproduct. The chest-busters are also supposed to mirror fully matured male genitals. In contrast, the face-huggers have a very vaginal appearance. These aliens are the ones who rape and impregnate the living hosts. This is a pro-feminist because the vaginal creature is the one overpowering the male victims and performing an act that is traditionally thought of as masculine. The final film that represents pro-feminist ideals is Legally Blonde that was directed by Robert Luckiest and released in 2001. This film is not one that people might see as outwardly feminist due to its upbeat tone and stereotypical protagonist but there are many plot points that are promote feminism. In contrast to The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and the Alien film series, the Legally Blonde protagonist Ell Woods (played by Reese Weatherperson) is a very girl and highly feminine feminist. As seen above, the characters Elisabeth and Riddled are highly masculine characters who do not need the help of a man because they are highly masculine and strong enough to take care of themselves. Ell Woods, on the other hand, is a feminist because she does not sacrifice her highly girl nature to succeed in a mans world. Legally Blonde is a film about a young stereotypical sorority girl, Ell Woods, who thinks she is meant to marry her college boyfriend and live happily every after. She is shocked when her boyfriend, Warner, dumps her before he leaves for law school because she is not serious enough for him. Ell makes it her mission to prove him wrong and win him back. Dodo this, she applies to Harvard Law School and is accepted. While she is there, she realizes her true potential and is able to succeed on her own merit. She non realizes that she does not need Warner to define her future and she is able to create a new future as a successful lawyer. The protagonist Ell Woods is the ideal stereotypical sorority girl in the beginning of the film. She is beautiful, ditsy, focused on her social calendar, not serious about school, and basing her self-worth on the man she is dating. She is what many people would consider an anti-feminist because she is self-absorbed, lacking ambition, and depended on a male. Once Ell sets her sights on Harvard, many of these qualities quickly change. She becomes obsessed with her studies and focuses on a life-bettering goal. Although Ell is going to Harvard Law School to win over a man, she quickly realizes that she could better herself without the help off man. While at Harvard, Ell is faces with challenges and discrimination including a misogynist professor, Judgmental classmates, and her own self-doubts. Once Ell is able to pull herself up and start to excel, she is offered a law internship to consult on a murder trial. In this trial, a famous aerobics guru Brooke Taylor is being tried for shooting and killing her husband. While working on refuses his affection and begins to question how she got as far as she did. Was it because she is smart? Or because she is pretty? This is a very pro-feminist part of the film because it show the struggle that many women have while they are trying to excel in a mans world. Ell decides to take the high road and prove to everyone, including herself, that she is there because of her ability and not her beauty. Ell returns to the trial as the sole lawyer defending Brooke Taylor. Ells returning to the trial is an example of feminism because she has been challenged that she cant do something and she is determined to prove everyone wrong; she is going to prove she can succeed in this male dominated field. During the trial, the defendants departure, Chutney Windbag, is put on the stand and questioned about her whereabouts on the day on the murder. Windbag tells Ell that she was at the salon getting her hair premed, returned home to shower, and then found her father shot by Brooke Taylor. Ell: And wouldnt somebody who had, say, 30 perms before in their life be well aware of this rule, and if in fact you werent washing your hair as I suspect you werent because your curls are still intact, wouldnt you have heard the gunshot Which means you would have had to found Brooke Windbag with a gun in her hand to make your story plausible, isnt that right? Chutney Windbag: Shes my age! Did she tell you that? How would you feel if your father married someone who was your age? Ell: Mimi, however, Chutney had time to hide the gun after you shot your father. Chutney Windbag: [in tears] l didnt mean to shoot him! This shows that Ell was able to win her case and prove her client innocent based on her stereotypical girl knowledge. If Brooke Taylor stayed with her previous male lawyer, she might have been found guilty, but Ell was able to make sure that didnt happen. This ending promotes feminism because it is proving that sometimes girl knowledge is what will aid someone in their career success. The idea that women can follow professions while wearing pink, have both successful careers and successful relationshipsthat femininity and feminism arent mutually exclusive appears prominently in both mainstream and independent films embraced by female viewers. (Ferries, Suzanne, Young, Mallory). This concept of being a feminine feminist is what makes Ell a great representation of feminism. Ell is able to excel at a career without changing who she is and allowing her girl ways to assist her in her day-to-day life. As shown above, there are many moral and social crimes committed against women including rape, disrespect, and discrimination. In the film The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, the protagonist is a victim of all three of these crimes. She is mistreated and taken advantage of because she is a female. Although she has been the victim, Elisabeth is able to retaliate and take back her life and power. This film shows the female protagonist giving the male assailant a taste of his own medicine. This is a very pro-feminist message because she is able to stand up for herself and show society that she is equal those who have victimized her. We also see a very pro-feminist message in the Alien film series. These films are centered around a very strong and masculine female protagonist. Riddled is the ideal representation of feminism in this film because she is able to fully embody the role of the survivor, the leader, and the heroine. This is significant because she is fulfilling the role that is blatant sexual symbolism and the role reversal of the genitalia. For example, the face-hugger aliens have a vaginal appearance and their Job is to rape and impregnate the host. This is a stereotypically male role in out society but it is being done by a female symbol. The last film to represent a pro-feminist point of view is Legally Blonde. Although this film is a chick-flick or a romantic comedy, it does have a very powerful protagonist and pro-feminist message. Ell Woods might be a ditsy sorority girl but she is also a woman who was able to succeed in a mans world while staying true to herself. Throughout the film, Ell is able to repetition her values and goal in order to achieve professional success. By doing this, she is able to take the legal world by storm and leave a lasting impression. Ell does this by staying true to herself because she does not alter her appearance, attitude, or opinions. She embodies the girl feminist who is able to achieve success based on her intellect in a male dominated world.

Discusion Board Own Opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discusion Board Own Opinion - Essay Example From an idealism perspective you have some nations fighting for their religion, or they use their religion as a pretext for war. You have other nations fighting for resources. America has always maintained, in any conflict it was involved in that they fight for the right of all humans to be free. I think the question that should be asked is why is America the only country that thinks it knows how to define freedom? Roosevelt was lucky, if you can call it that, that America’s economy lifted at a time when his policies of higher taxes and more jobs were stripping the country of any leisure spending. In his case the tax payers didn’t have a choice – they either paid taxes to pay for welfare programs, or to put people into work which amounted to the same thing. Obama, despite saying that he wants to follow FDR seems to think he can do the same thing but in a â€Å"different† way. The debate isn’t so much that Obama or FDR were right or wrong, but rather what system if any has ever been right. Economists say now that less than 5% of the population of America have 40% of the wealth. The rich-poor divide just keeps getting bigger and is now being seen on a global scale. But while there is still only two major parties in any democratic government voters only have two choices – left or right. Obama’s attempt to put himself in the middle is likely to backfire because when you are sitting in the middle you can get blasted from both sides. How is America’s current relationship with developing countries different from America’s relationship with the third world during the cold war? Is it different at all? What issues divide America and developing countries today? During the cold war America had a very clear policy about right and wrong – you were either a communist loving country, or you weren’t and America was helpful to any country that could show they were not allied with

Springfield Nor'easters Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Springfield Nor'easters - Article Example The tickets will also consider the families buy giving the families a different package to make the families have fun with their children in the stadium. The stadium will be partitioned into sections and the prices set for every section in the arena. The proposed packages are Friends and family package Couple packages Children with birthday parties Single tickets VIP packages And general sits packages Expected annual revenue With good advertisements and the culture of giving good packages to the community, the tickets are expected to be sold out even before the leagues start. Since it is a new culture being built in the community, the fans will be intrigued by the new sports phenomenon and would be down to pay the tickets for the experience. Another motivation to the revenue collection is the fact that the fans will be treated to new teams who come to the venue therefore fostering the competitive culture and identification. With creation of a local fan base, the tickets are inclined to producing more money even during the friendly games and off-season matches. With the packages and pricing set per seat a family is expected to pay for a game is close to $59 every single game. The ticket for an individual is $ 4-12 depending on the preference of the sitting area. The stadium has a capacity of 8200 seats. With the approximation of 500 families in the community will start cultivating a culture of sports the family will spend $2242 a season. With five hundred families alone, the expected revenue collected is $1,121,000. If 2000 individual fans attend for a whole season at $4 each the expected revenue collected is $304,000. For the VIP section, the expected revenue is close to $500,000for the single tickets of a thousand fans. For families VIP tickets can cost an approximate of 96 dollars. The expected number will be higher in this section due to the environment conducive for the children. If only 300 families book the VIP area, the revenue is expected to be $1,094,4 00. The summation of this revenue will be close to 3,400,000. Concisely the annual revenue can be close to $5,000,000 when everything is done right in the initial stage. Better revenue collection will be realized with the events building up in the region and a fan base created. The revenue is based on approximation and the least amount charge to every game Expected annual concession revenue The concession calculations will vary due to the different types of ticket sales to the people. With an attendance bracket that depreciates from the 5game, 20 game seasons and a full season, the logical expectation of the revenue will be $2,000,000 as long as the tickets will be reasonable to the public. However, the tickets are supposed to medial to avert the events where the people do not attend since it is cheap. The establishment of a price that is at par with the control and building of the fans will create a culture of not missing a game to utilize the money spent on the ticket. Even in the assumption of full attendance, the variation in the fan attendance will dictate the revenue collected annually. With the survey conducted in the research there will be better concession revenue collected than the estimate. Breaking even The team will break even in the end of the year only if everything is done right. The qualitative analysis of the research is done using the contribution analysis. The model of payment is crucial to the

Introduction to Economics Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Introduction to Economics Assignment - Essay Example Free Market Economy is also characterized by the rights of individuals to buy and hold private property (Lipsey & Chrystal 2003). This characteristic is an incentive for both buyers and producers. It allows both buyers and producers to make bold and brave decisions. Since producer knows that he can own land, capital and other factors of production, he invests money into the system. Buyers also know that they can acquire goods, property or other thing of value now and can either consume it or store it for future consumptions. This moves the wheels of the economy and leads to equilibrium quantity demand and quantity supplied in the market. It also leads to price adjustments in the economy at a point where the motives of the buyers meets the motives of the sellers or producers. This is also called market creation or market searching. Market searching is the process when the market is trying to adopt or settle at the equilibrium price. Eventually market settles down at equilibrium becaus e in over priced market supply is greater than demand which eventually leads to price going down. If the market is under priced demand is going to be higher than supply and this will result in price hike and eventually equilibrium will be reached. Free Market Economies encourage the process of market searching through market forces working without any intervention from government or other control factors. (Brue & McConnell 2006) Adam Smith also pointed out an interesting phenomenon in the system. He laid the foundations for the concept of â€Å"Invisible Hand† in the free market economy. He was referring to the fact that everything changes in response to the movement in prices. In essence, he was telling the world that in order to achieve their own motives, buyers and producers end up doing good for the system. This interesting fact can be explained in the following example. When a person earns income in this system, he spends it on his necessities, needs and wants. The money spent in the economy changes hand and transfers from the hand of the person spending the money to the producers of goods and services wanted by that person. This encourages producers of these goods and services to employ more resources and produce more goods and services. This leads to employment generation in the economy and when people are employed they tend to invest and save more. This leads to further employment generation and the cycle continues. The focus in this example is on the trickledown effect in the Free Market Economy. Many countries where the socialism dominated previously have realized the importance of Free Market Economic System and are opening up themselves for more private investment and encouraging the development of private entrepreneurs that will provide the impetus for high economic growth rates. The debate here is not about how good or bad the free market system, but it is more about why aren’t countries adopting the model of free market economy in its perfect sense. Even USA is not a totally Free Market Economy. Government controls and regulates the economy in the United States of America as well. The reason for this is simple. Extremism in any system is bad. If a system is totally dominated by private sector without any government regulation of the economy, then there are chances that private businesses might exploit the resources, consumers and the environment. This would lead

Contract Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Contract Law - Coursework Example The element of mutual agreement requires parties to agree on the terms of the contract. It stresses that the agreement must have an offer and acceptance. Finally, the element of consideration required for one party to agree to agree to a specific set of terms at an agreed price. The doctrine of consideration is one of the most crucial and controversial issues in the law of contract.1 It is crucial because for a contract to be valid, consideration must be present. In the absence of consideration, a contract is considered to be invalid and not binding to the parties involved in the contract. This is referred to as â€Å"nundum pactum†, that is, a promise made with no supporting agreement. The two main rules of a consideration are that is required to move from the promisee but does not have to move to the promisor, and it does not have to be adequate but needs to be sufficient. The cost-benefit analysis of contracts aims at making sure that parties do not enter into contracts that they will not benefit in one way or another. The doctrine of consideration has over the years developed as seen in the case of Williams v Roffey Bros. and Nicholls(Contractor)Ltd [1991] 1 QB 1.2 In this case, it is clear that little is needed in a contract for consideration to exist. However, even with consideration, not all contracts are fair, and consideration is not sufficient in dealing with these new problems. The doctrine of duress has become crucial in solving complex business relationships especially in monopoly situations. Economic duress is unacceptable uses of economic power aimed at making the victim submit to demand. Its development has affected the doctrine of consideration. Contracts are considered to be an exchange of agreements or promises between parties, which binds them legally. However, the mere fact that there is an agreement does not make a contract legal. The doctrine of consideration is very crucial yet

Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Essays - Essay Example Based on studies prepared years before the new millennium, Flowers (2002) concluded that the use and abuse of drugs, among other substances, have been robustly related to juvenile delinquency and criminality. Conditions have not improved much since then. Bartol and Bartol (2008) reported that juveniles made up 17 % of arrests made in 2005. Mocan and Tekin (2005) established that the use of drugs wielded a profound influence on one’s predilection to commit crime. Indeed, from LSD to OxyContin to ecstasy, drugs have figured significantly as triggers to commit crime from the late 60s until the present time. Called by its own inventor, Albert Hoffman â€Å"my problem child†, lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD has itself spawned real-life problem children or juveniles since 1938 when it was first synthesized (Carey, 2008; Berger, 2005a). Psychedelic or psychoactive drugs, like LSD, are among the purported mind-altering drugs. Drugs classified as psychedelic or psychoactive consist of a concoction of chemicals not necessarily taken to improve health but known to have the effect of changing the user’s thoughts, reactions and perceptions of bodily sensations (Berger, 2005b; Drug-Free America, 2004). Mind altering substances in the same category as LSD are heroin or diamorphine, which is a powerful analgesic; cocaine, a highly abused narcotic anesthetic; and the psychoactive cannibus resin or oil from the hemp plant and its flower-bearing stem or tops known as marijuana (â€Å"Heroin†, 2005; Berger, 2005c; Jenkins, 2005). Other mind altering drugs include, but are not limited to OxyContin tablets, a licit narcotic drug used for pain management; dextroamphetamine, a drug which is fast gaining notoriety as a â€Å"recreational drug† but is medically prescribed for sleep disorders or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; and methamphetamine, which is a stimulant and a â€Å"feel good† drug usually smoked, swallowed or injected and used illegally

Contract Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Contract Law - Coursework Example The element of mutual agreement requires parties to agree on the terms of the contract. It stresses that the agreement must have an offer and acceptance. Finally, the element of consideration required for one party to agree to agree to a specific set of terms at an agreed price. The doctrine of consideration is one of the most crucial and controversial issues in the law of contract.1 It is crucial because for a contract to be valid, consideration must be present. In the absence of consideration, a contract is considered to be invalid and not binding to the parties involved in the contract. This is referred to as â€Å"nundum pactum†, that is, a promise made with no supporting agreement. The two main rules of a consideration are that is required to move from the promisee but does not have to move to the promisor, and it does not have to be adequate but needs to be sufficient. The cost-benefit analysis of contracts aims at making sure that parties do not enter into contracts that they will not benefit in one way or another. The doctrine of consideration has over the years developed as seen in the case of Williams v Roffey Bros. and Nicholls(Contractor)Ltd [1991] 1 QB 1.2 In this case, it is clear that little is needed in a contract for consideration to exist. However, even with consideration, not all contracts are fair, and consideration is not sufficient in dealing with these new problems. The doctrine of duress has become crucial in solving complex business relationships especially in monopoly situations. Economic duress is unacceptable uses of economic power aimed at making the victim submit to demand. Its development has affected the doctrine of consideration. Contracts are considered to be an exchange of agreements or promises between parties, which binds them legally. However, the mere fact that there is an agreement does not make a contract legal. The doctrine of consideration is very crucial yet

How accounting affect stock price Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How accounting affect stock price - Essay Example Unexpected good accounting performance has a significant effect on CEO’s pay for a short time. However, on long-term basis, the trend reverses, and the pay starts decreasing and thus the benefits accrued evens out. However, in the compensation using the stock price performance, a good stock price translates into increased CEO salary, which on the long-run maintains the rise. Accounting performance is arrived at by an aggregate evaluation of all the subunits of the firm. Acquiring all the required information in computing the aggregate departmental performance is a tedious exercise that takes quite a considerable amount of time. A poor performance in one department is likely to negatively affect the other entire firm. Thus, to ensure a high performance level, the CEO must focus on an increasing performance of all the departments of the firm. Accounting performance is very useful when issuing promotions to various departmental managers and supervisors. The best performing managers and supervisors, and the ones who have maintained an upward trend are awarded with promotions, but not the best method to use in determining a CEO’s compensation. A firm could register an upward growth for a number of years, but assume an upward diminishing growth. This phenomenon occurs when the firm achieves its maximum growth, where all resources are utilized to the optimum. At this point, the firm cannot grow anymore since all its resources are fully utilized. The growth thus becomes stagnant. A CEO who is compensated using this method will start receiving decreasing remuneration as the firm’s performance starts decreasing. In contrary to the accounting performance, the stock prices method does not reach a maximum growth level. A CEO who works hard to achieve growth of the firms’ stock prices has no limit to the level at which they can

Changes in Children- Birth Essay Example for Free

Changes in Children- Birth Essay Before six months the main reason why a child’s emotion and emotional expression is different is due to the brain not being fully mylinated. As the child ages past the first month, their frontal cortex begins to advance as increasing neurological development is starting and beginning to modify and transform the operations of the in-built emotional expressions (Wilson, 2003, p. 55). Suffering, pain, joy, fear and interest are among the first emotions that an infant express. These primary emotions are important as this is a child’s first way of showing and communicating with adults their needs. It is for the reason of communication we must look at our primary emotions as a human survival mechanism, as these are involuntary and in- built features all children are born with (Wilson, 2003, p. 55). All primary emotions are all expressed in the same manner, which raises the question as to whether emotions are all universal; that emotions are genetic, or that all cultures share mutual background features. There are 2 main theories on emotional development; discrete emotions theory and a structural approach (Wilson, 2003, p. 48). Izard, Tomkins, Ekman are the leaders of discrete emotions theory. These theorists proclaimed that emotion had 3 components; physiological, behavioural and subjective. These emotions where present from birth and could be seen by studying facial expressions of infants. The results and information these theorists where gaining agreed with Darwin that these expressions where the same in all culture and must be an in-built neural feature. As humans age our primary emotions network with cognition and form ‘cognitive affected structures’, this is how secondary emotions are developed discrete emotions theory (Wilson, 2003, p. 49). This theory can be applied to my own family, as recently there was a sudden death of my aunt, as a result we had family members calling from different parts of Australia and the world calling to offer their condolences and support to our family. This reaction to a death of a family member is universal. The structural development approach see’s development as holistic. This approach states that all systems interact with each other and the environment with emphasis on the social environment. The environment play a large factor in the development of children, but theorists cannot deny genetic is also a large contributor. Sroufe a theorist states that all emotions have antecedent. In Sroufe’s theory in the first 6 months of an infant’s life emotional ancestor can also be physiological states and not recognised as emotions, and that secondary emotions build from there (Wilson, 2003, p. 50). By the age of two, a toddler’s brain contains more neurons than an adult and has twice the amount of connections between these cells. It has been linked that that as a toddler’s brain contains more neurons that they need more rest then adults for their brain’s to function fully. During this time more neurons die and more connections are pruned throughout brain in the first three years of life than other stage of life. The leading element of the development of expressions of emotion in the child’s environment is the carer and the care the child receives. Emotional deprivation occurs when children who are not had consistent warm emotional relationships as a young child, this leads to their secondary emotions being weak. Children who have suffered from emotional deprivation are targets for exploitation and paedophiles as they have ‘affection hunger’ (Wilson, 2012 slide, 8) A child in the toddlerhood has additionally reached a point where they have developed a sense of self. The maturation of the frontal lobes and the limbic circuit in the brain is the cause for the development of a toddler achieving a sense of self. As a result of the toddlers sense of self they are able to show empathy and can affectively communicate and label their emotions to their peers and adults. This allows a child to say ‘I am mad or sad’ instead of crying and having a tantrum, although toddlers still react in this manner they can communicate there emotions more effectively (â€Å"Emotional development†, 2006,. ara 7). From two to six years of age is early childhood. It is at this stage in a child’s life they have developed motor skills that enable them to become more self-sufficient and self-controlled. Children are creating friendships and being more engrossed in playtime such as; painting pictures which creates symbolic expression. There is an incr easing need for the carer to engage with the toddler by conversing and meeting the child’s social, cognitive and emotional needs, their perspectives, and interests. The child’s ability to tell stories is a way of understanding their perspectives (â€Å"Hearing young children’s voices,† nd, p. 19). Through a greater understanding of the world around them a child develop and understanding that the world didn’t revolve around them and that nothing was as simple as they one thought it was. During the age of 2-6 most children attend preschool, which gives young children a great understand about display rules. By attending preschool it gives young children an understanding about how to express their emotions in an appropriate way in all contexts of life ranging from family, school and society. Toddlers may learn how to appropriately express their emotions but influences from their family still have a great impact on their expression. The preschool is a system, with rules, boundaries, and expectations. It is important for children to know where they stand and by placing them in a system such as preschool whilst they are developing their emotional expression allows them to shine. For children in good environments the control of emotional expression accelerates from 3 to 5 years (Wilson, 2003, p132). From the age of six to eight children become aware of the difference between expressing emotion and feeling it. This affectively allows the child to manage their emotional expression by reflecting on their emotions; this is an emotional coping skill children learn in order to avoid negative attention or experiences such as bullying. Although, school age children are becoming more exposed to the wider world new challenges are arising such as, fears of failing or poor academic result in school as many children are put under presser from parents to achieve high grades (Berk, 2009, p. 410). When the child reaches ten years of age their expression of emotions is likely to have significantly enhanced. At this age most children have developed a set of techniques for controlling their expressions of emotion. General strategies are problem centred coping, they are able to identify the challenge, asses and solve issues that may arise. If problem solving is not successful the child may adopt emotion-centred coping that is private and internal (Berk, 2009, p. 410). An external influence has also been heightened during this period such communicating with their peers on how to deal with the situation. Children at this age are able to justify circumstances and actions or â€Å"reconstruct scenarios to make them seem less upsetting emotionally† (â€Å"Emotional development†, 2006,. para. 11). By age eleven, the child has began to integrate inner standards of excellence and good behaviour with self-conscious emotions; their internal strategies are starting to be utilised for self-regulating, and a shift from problem centred and emotion centred coping has taken place and there social etiquette of expressing emotions has improved (Berk, 2009, p. 416). In adolescents emotions are still forming. Most children reach adolescence rom eleven to twenty years. During this time an adolescent is trying to create distance from their family and form their independence. Peer pressure may appear to be irresistible regardless of the adolescence’s inner feelings, as it full fills their need for acceptance and desire to ‘fit it’. Emotional expression and even the adole scence’s inner feelings may alter on the way they react to certain stimuli or events, when in the context of groups, this can be seen in how a adolescent reacts on a school excursion to how they react out with their peers on the weekend at a movie theatre. Wilson, 2003, p. 176-77). Young adolescences’ endure peer group contexts where their expression of emotion is displayed in the environment of peer norms. Each child is an individual as they have been brought up in different backgrounds. In turn their fundamental feelings have been restricted although they have acquired the display associated with emotion. In example some adolescences may display in anger in what they have seen of anger, with the increase in aggression used television shows and in movies adds to the range of anger an adolescent cane use (Wilson, 2003, pp176-77). In certain circumstances some adolescences exhibition emotions that they may not feel or more emotions than felt, this is present in children of younger age groups but, is more dominant in adolescences. Adolescence is known as a period of storm and stress. Social, cognitive and environmental factors are a large contribution of how the adolescences expression of emotion will inevitably mature. During adolescence the social problems become more complex and they chose to talk to their peers to offer help to overcome this situation (â€Å"Emotional development†, 2006,. para. 12). Children who have been deprived have complex expressions of emotions, and on top of the struggle with complicated emotions that arise during adolescents put’s these children at greater strain. Adolescents according to Piaget are self- focusing. Piaget believed that during adolescence a new form of egocentrism formed as adolescents could not separate the difference between their thoughts and others thoughts. There were 2 main ways this could be explained, through self-audience and personal fable. Self -audience is when an adolescent believes they are the emphasis of everyone’s attention. It is through self-audience that adolescents may feel extremely self-conscious and aware of themselves. Self fable is when an adolescent feels that people are always giving them attention and watching them, this is similar to what a toddler may think but by this stage an adolescent should know that they can not always be the centre of attention. When an adolescent is not receiving they believe is due it leads to them being upset and moody. (Berk, 2009, p. 252) As human beings everyone develops their emotion expression at various time of their life. As we age and mature so do our emotions and expressions, how an infant reacts to a range of emotions compared to a 20 year old will be absolutely different, this may be due to the culture they have been brought up in or they have learned display rules. As seen throughout this essay emotional development does not occur in isolation but in some rare circumstances it does, there are many cognitive, neurological and behavioural influences interact with emotional, social and cultural influences. References Berk, L. (2009). Child development (8th ed. Person International Edition Colman,A. (2009), Oxford Dictionary of Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press Emotional development . (2006). Retrieved from http://www. education. com/reference/article/emotional-development/ Hearing young children’s voices, (n. d). Retrieved from http://www. children. act. gov. au/documents/PDF/under5report. pdf Wilson, L. (2003), The Emotional Life of Children. National Library of Australia: Charles Sturt University. Wilson, L. (2012). Lecture3: dependence needs of children [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from in class on the 17/07/2012

The Imagination In Frankenstein English Literature Essay

The Imagination In Frankenstein English Literature Essay The importance of imagination in the romanticism period was all about establishing who you were as a writer. The imagination in Frankenstein is that Dr. Frankenstein created an eight foot tall monster out of miscellaneous body parts, turning mans greatest fear of death and turning it into life, trying to make a perfect man and the advancement of the human kind. As the quote The labours of men of genius, however erroneously directed, scarcely ever fail in ultimately turning to the solid advantage of mankind. (Shelley 33-34) from Frankenstein is talking about the increasing role of science during the romanticism period. During the romanticism period the role of science and technology was increasing and very important to that time period because they were coming out of the neoclassical period which was all about the ending of the Renaissance time when it was all about art, self-awareness, religion, humanism, and art. The celebration of the individual is about inspiring the achievements of the misunderstood, heroic individual outcast. The celebration of the individual in Frankenstein is about the monster that Victor Frankenstein created. No one wanted to be friends or even be around the monster, so therefore the monster became angry, bitter and lonely. The quote, All men hate the wretched; how then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things! Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, thy creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us. (Shelley 81), from the monster, he is telling his creator Victor Frankenstein how hated he is by everyone and how alone he is. After the monster talks to his creator about how miserable and lonely he is, he tries to reason with Victor Frankenstein by telling Victor that he would stop his killing streak of revenge and exchange peace for a companion of like origin. The monster said to his creator, If you will c omply with my conditions, I will leave them and you at peace; but if you refuse, I will glut the maw of death, until it be satiated with the blood of your remaining friends. (Shelley 81), after the monster said this to Victor had refused the monster of any deal that the monster wanted to make, and so therefore the monster did what he said he would do and started to go after all of Victors friends and family. The romantics, which were the authors, stressed the awe of nature in art and in language and the practice of nobility through a connection with nature. The awe of nature in Frankenstein is best explained by this quote, It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn; and whether it was the outward substance of things or the inner spirit of nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupied me, still my inquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in it highest sense, the physical secrets of the world. (Shelley 23), which is connecting nature through the language of that time period. The language of that time period is greatly influenced by the writers imagination, emotion, and experience. Mary Shelleys writing style was greatly influenced by her imagination and emotion more than anything else. Mary Shelleys writing style was also gothic in the sense that it when she was writing the novel Frankenstein she had put a supernatural event, which was Victor Frankenstein c reating the eight foot tall monster. The writing style of William Wordsworth is different than Mary Shelleys because his is more influenced by emotion and feelings, his poem It is a beauteous Evening (Wordsworth 281), calm and free has strong emotion of dying and death, it is an emotional piece because it is talking about the death of his daughter. The writing style of Samuel Taylor Coleridge is based on the emotion of pain and disease. In his poem Love the quote And that she nursed him in a cave; And how his madness went away, When on the yellow forest-leaves A dying man he lay;- (Coleridge 110-113) has the emotion of love and of death at the same time which is different than that of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein because the emotion of love is not used as much as the emotion of death or the gothic sense that she uses of a monster with inhuman strength. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most significant thinkers of the state of nature, like most writers during that time, they were writing the poem, short stories, novels, and essays about or relating closely to nature. Jean-Jacques writings were about nature, because he believed that humans were born naturally good, curious, and content with satisfying are basic needs; but it is or society that corrupts us to desire status, idleness, and luxuries. (Jeffrey D. Wilhelm 676) Mary Shelleys writings were about the emotion of sorrow, death, and having no to love you back. Mary Shelleys writings are different than Jean-Jacques, because Jeans writings are a little happier toned and incorporate more nature than supernatural beings, in I his writing the Confessions. I am resolved on an undertaking that has no model and will have no imitator. I want to show my fellow-men a man in all truth of nature; and this man is to be myself. (Rousseau 5) in the first two lines of the novel he is saying that I will not have a follower and I will illustrate the truth about nature for all men. As in Mary Shelleys writings are more gothic and emotionally filled with sorrow. In a fit of enthusiastic madness I created a rational creature and was bound towards him to assure, as far as was in my power, his happiness and well-being . . . I refused, and I did right in refusing, to create a companion for the first creature. He showed unparalleled malignity and selfishness in evil; he destroyed my friends . . . Miserable himself that he may render no other wretched, he ought to die. The task of his destruction was mine, but I have failed. (Shelley 193) is a great quote to explain the interest in the common man and childhood. The quote shows the natural goodness in Victor from Frankenstein, by refusing to create a companion for the creature that has killed all his friends and family. Victor did the right thing by not giving the monster what he wanted; but instead letting the monster kill the ones closet to him while he was trying to kill the monster. The novel Frankenstein is both a romantic and gothic horror novel; because the novel also is supernatural but it is also connected to nature. The Byronic hero is monster; because the monster is arrogant, emotionally conflicted, has a troubled past, self-destructive, and treated as an outcast. The monster is the Byronic hero because he is an idealized yet imperfect character; he had his flaws because he was considered an outcast among everyone else, because he was hideous and no one would show him love or happiness, so he became bitter and angry at everyone that was happy and loved. The monster killed every one of his creators friends and family, then went and killed himself because his creator had died.

Background Information :: essays research papers

I. BACKROUND INFORMATION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jill Stacey Moreland(born Itabari Njeri) was born in Brooklyn, New York. She started off as being a singer/actress; but she found a calling in journalism. She obtained her B.S. from Boston University, and then later on she received her M.S. form Columbia University. She worked as a writer for numerous projects, and then was the author of three books. She wrote â€Å"Family Portraits and Personal Escapades,† â€Å"The Challenge of Diversity†, and â€Å"Reflections of a New World Black.† Currently Jill Stacey does public speaking at Universities about memoir, multiculturalism, and ethnic conflict. II. GENERAL SUMMARY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story, â€Å"When Morpheus Held Him,† was about a girl who had a drunk for a father. When the girl was three her parents separated, she did not see her father again until her parents reunited when she was seven. When her father came back into her life, she said that she could not stand her father. Her father ended up teaching younger students around an age where he thought was most influential. When the girl’s mother went away for a couple of weeks, the daughter wanted to stay with her aunt pearl so she would not have to stay with her father. The father said no unless aunt pearl asked her if she wanted to stay with her. Of course aunt pearl did not ask her but she went anyway. When her father found out what happened, he beat her bad enough to leave welts and bruises for months. The only time that the daughter and the father bonded was when the father would play some music on his old piano and she would come and sing for him. When the mother came back the fights continued. After the fights were over, the father would fall asleep due to his drunken rage. The only time the daughter felt safe around her father was when he was asleep. III. RELATIONSHIP TO TODAYS SOCIETY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today’s society, there are a lot of kids that didn’t grow up with their father due to their parents fighting all the time. A lot of the times the father is a drunk and gets violent towards his partner or his children. I think that I can relate a little to this story because I was in a similar situation with my father. When I was little my parents would separate often. I could not understand why they would separate when I was little.

Translating 21 Grammes from screen to stage. :: Drama

Translating 21 Grammes from screen to stage. Explain how research material was gathered and used within the process At the very beginning of the devising process the whole group watched the film of 21 grams and in our first lesson we collected any comments about form, structure and content. We then started creating possible ideas and characters, and after a few weeks we decided we could set ourselves almost mini homework’s for certain characters or storylines and come back to the next lesson with some fresh new ideas. The first bit of research I did was actually about the film 21 grams and why the film was titled this? And what it meant? I then found out that when a human dies they lose 21 grams in body weight; we then started gathering idea around this such as the 21 grams being the human soul and as you dies your soul leaves your body. I also found out that an average chocolate bar weighs 21 grams so we played with the idea of there being a chocolate bar incorporated in every scene somehow, as we thought that having a chocolate bar in every scene would be a bit to difficult. Another idea was that maybe in the very last scene all the characters that are dead would be lying on the stage with a chocolate bar resting on their chest. But as we produce more drama and more characters were developing we decided that maybe trying to incorporate these ideas wouldn’t work and didn’t really fit in with the rest of our piece. The other main way in which we needed to do research was because we were using projection and we needed to get certain images and information. So in that sense probably the main storyline that was researched was the vicar and his wife trying to have a baby and because we had decided to use projections we needed to find picture of pregnant women and babies. We also use projections for the train crash so we gathered together pictures and newspaper articles. Nearly all the research for the pictures was by way of the Internet.

Tomtom Marketing

2012 Final report Group 5: Rizwan Anwar Christian Visschedijk Irina Andreescu Yiwen Lu Tommy Pantic Jeroen van Miert 449418 469263 449425 459114 437979 450453 Executive summary The purpose of this report is to analyze TomTom’s internal and external environment and come up with a relevant new strategy that could be implemented by TomTom in the near future. The external analysis concludes that TomTom is suffering from two factors; one is an increasing (indirect) competition in developing (PDA) consumer markets and second is a decreasing sales in their most important markets.As a result TomTom has started to shift its focus from the consumer market to the Automotive, Licensing and Business Solution markets. However, these markets have not been able to compensate the declining sales in their Consumer market. A wide number of factors are currently at work in the internal situation. A restructering program, problems with the supply channels, a change to sales marketing and distribut ion and a focus on growth on more promising areas. Important factors from the SWOT analysis are that TomTom has a strong brand image and good reputation. It is however very weak outside of Europe.Furthermore, there is growth potential in both Europe and North America. An important thread is the economic downturn. TomTom is quite a competitive price it has however plenty of market share to gain and must increase this position. When comparing with its main competitor, TomTom has trouble with its map coverage and financial position. A worry list has produced the following items: Hardware problem issue; Drive Space Error, Software system; Including Installation Error and Map Error and Rapidly growing for Smart phone trend, people would replace TomTom device by phone, people are fancy about Smart phone.Focus for the new strategy goes to the min-min strategy which is supported by collaborative strategy. This report deems this new purposed strategy well fit and feasible. Implementing the n ew strategy requires TomTom to focus on the following HR related issues: personal training and personal development and team cohesion and good internal communication. A solid control system should be implemented on a global scale. Two important actions must be taken in order to implement this new strategy: Reallocate money from the European PND market to the new B2B market and reduce investments in non-European countries. Introduction Purpose The purpose of this report is to analyze TomTom’s internal and external environment and come up with a relevant new strategy that could be implemented by TomTom in the near future. Background Over the past 5 years, the PND industry in primarily Europe and the USA has experienced significant pressures from a number of areas that have changed and continue to change the landscape of the PND industry (Ibis Report). The rise of the smartphones and other substitute products in the 2000s has arguably had the greatest impact on the PND industry. This has been primarily due to the ever-increasing influence of smartphones and innovative products, which have made the PND industry less relevant in recent times. TomTom, and its main competitors Garmin and MiTAC, are trying to keep up with the incredibly fastmoving technological developments to stay competitive. 2 Contents Executive summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Purpose à ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Background †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 External analysis 1. Dominant economic features †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 2. Competitive forces †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. Driving forces and impact †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Lifestyle of customers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Product innovation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 4. TomTom NV, Strategic Group Mapping †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 5. Competition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 Cobra Electronics Corporation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 Garmin Ltd. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 MiTAC (navman,mio,Magellan,TYAN) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Honorable mentions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 6. Key Performance Indicators †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 6. 1 The financial perspective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 6. 2 The customer perspective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 6. 3 The internal business process perspective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 6. 4 The innovation and learning perspective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 6. 5 Business Balanced Scorecard †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 6. 5. 1. The financial perspective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 6. 5. 2. The customer perspective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 6. 5. 3. The internal business process perspective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 6. 5. 4. The innovation and learning perspective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 7.Industry outlook †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 Opportunities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 Threats9 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Internal analysis 1. How well is the company’s present strategy working? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20 2. TomTom SWOT analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 3 Strengths †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 Weaknesses †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Opportunities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 Threats †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 Resource Strengths and competitive capabilities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 27 Strong brand image, good reputation and high market share in European market †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Resource missing capabilities or competitive deficiencies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 External Market Opportunities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 28 External Threats to Profitability †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 28 3. Are the company’s prices and costs competitive? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 29 4. s the company relatively stronger/weaker than key rivals †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30 Market share †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 30 Map data coverage †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 31 The ability to provide value added services†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 Financial strength †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 31 Comparison †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 31 5. What strategic issues and problems ask burning attention of management? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 32 Potential problems in China †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Priority list †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. 32 Crafting the new strategy 1. Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 35 1. 1 SWOT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 35 1. 2 Critical success factors †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 1. 3 Worry list †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 36 1. 4 Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 3. TOWS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 36 3. 1 Matrix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 3. 2 General strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 38 3. 3 Competitive strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 38 Supplementing the new strategy †¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 39 Min-Min strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Collaborative strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 40 Fit and feasibility †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 40 Executing the new strategy 4 1. Building an organization with the competencies, capabilities, and resource strengths to execute a strategy successfully †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 1. 1 Staffing the organization †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 42 1. 2 Building core competencies and competitive capabilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 43 1. 3 Structuring the organization and work effort †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 43 2. Marshalling sufficient money and people behind the drive for strategy execution †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 44 3.Instituting policies and procedures that facilitate rather than impede strategy execution †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 45 4. Pushing for continuous improvement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 46 4. 1 Total Quality Management †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 46 4. 2 The Deming Cycle †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 46 5.Installing information and operating systems that enable company personnel to carry out their strategic roles proficiently †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 47 6. Trying rewards directly to the achievement of strategic and financial targets and to good strategy execution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 48 6. 1 Compensation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 6. 2 Bonus programmes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 48 6. 3 Benefits †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 49 7. Installing a corporate culture that promotes good strategy execution †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 49 8. Exercising strong leadership to drive execution forward, keep improving on the details of execution, and achieve operating excellence as rapidly as feasible†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 0 9. Control †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 52 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 53 Source list †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 55 5 2012 External analysis 7-9-2012 6 1. Dominant economic featuresThe TomTom Consumer Business Unit (one of the four units of TomTom) operates in the Consumers Electronic Industry, more specifically, Personal Navigation Devices (PND) industry. Before taking a look at the competitive forces within the industry it was decided to get a better understanding of the industry in which the company operates. To this purpose the decision was made to use the Abell Model, which focuses on 3 different dimensions of the industry: †¢ †¢ †¢ To whom are they selling (who are their customers) What are the customer needs that are satisfyingIn what way are the customers’ needs satisfied TomTom is targeting its PND towards drivers – the idea behind the product is that it tries to identify the best preferred way of getting from point A to B. What is meant by best preferred way is that different customers may have different ideas of what is the best route to take in order to achieve their goal (for example, some people prefer a highway route, whereas others would rather like the back roads – and as such they can set their PND to take into account their preferences). As mentioned before, TomTom’s PND is targeting drive rs.What has not been mentioned is what sort of drivers and whether these drivers have a need for PNDs. The reason behind it is that for TomTom it does not matter. The business unit that is being analyzed offers not only physical devices that can be attached to any driving machine, but it also offers the software behind the physical device to smartphones. This enables customers to use their own smartphones to navigate maps, find and change the route they are planning to take and whether or not they are driving a car. This raises the question: what are people exactly looking for when they are buying a PND?One of the basic needs of drivers is represented by a device to help them navigate either through unknown roads, or knowingly busy roads – people are interested in seeing and planning the road ahead. This also includes being warned of possible traffic jams, road blocks or detours. Behind this idea are three main requirements: the availability of affordable devices, the afforda bility of data plans and maps, and finally; reliability. As for the last dimension mentioned in the Abell model, how does the industry satisfy customer needs?One could refer to the life cycle of the navigation systems products: starting with basic navigation systems introduced by Etak in 1985, it was followed shortly by the introduction of commercialized GPS at the beginning of the ‘90s. All modern systems are based on these. There’s been a continuous technological development in PNDs, aligning them to the three customer demands: the availability of affordable devices, the affordability of data plans/maps and the reliability of such devices. 7 The interesting trend nowadays in the PNDs market is the tendency towards device convergence 1.People tend to prefer to have navigation applications on their smartphone devices. This trend leads us to the conclusion that the PNDs industry has reached its maturity stage (in the industry life cycle) and depending on the near future success of the device convergence relating to navigation systems, may very well start its decline phase. 2. Competitive forces After defining the industry within which TomTom is operating, it is time to take a look at the competition levels within it. This is done in order to determine how attractive the industry currently is. To do this, the Porter 5 Forces model will be used.This model analyzes the industry from the competition’s point of view, pays attention to the threat of new entrants, the availability of substitutes and the power of both buyers and suppliers. Rivalry among competing sellers One of the most important factors behind the rivalry among competing sellers is that the PND market is at the end of its maturity phase and has started its decline. Although this report is mainly focusing on the European market, it is important to keep in mind that the industry has been declining all over the world, especially in the developed countries (e. g. Europe and North Ameri cas). source: http://info300. net/tthomas2/Brief1. html) Although there are quite a few smaller competitors in the market, there are only a few that maintain the majority of the market share. TomTom is the market leader and its main competitor is Garmin, both in European market and in the North American market. According to gpsbusinessnews. com, TomTom PND marketshare grew in 2010 from 45% to 48% compared to the same period in 2009 within Europe, while in North America TomTom’s market share grew from 20% to 25% in the same year. 1 http://mycoordinates. org/pnd-vs-mobile-is-landscape-shifting/all/1/ 8 2007 visual aids Threat of new entrants The PND and all the other GPS devices are mainly sold through the electronic retailers and websites that are well known and accessible to the new entrants. This influences the new entrants in two possible ways. Firstly is the ease of access to distribution channels, which would make this threat considerably high. Secondly is, in order to be able to compete with the main competitors, you have to expect an increasing pressure on pricing policies. This could minimize the margins for the sold products, which could force smaller/new competitors out of the market.Furthermore, due to the main distribution channels being so well known and big, the main competitors on the market will have to compete with the low price/low quality products stream coming from China. Threat of substitutes The PND industry is highly threatened by handsets, such as smartphones and PADs. These come with a whole new set of Location Based Services applications of which some are free of charge. Like we mentioned in the brief industry analysis of the PND market, there’s a trend towards convergence of devices and this trend is fueled by customers’ desire to have one device to do the job, rather than having two devices.Bargaining power of suppliers Companies in the PND industry have a trend of vertically integrating in the supply chain. For example, TomTom makes its own software, does its own manufacturing and makes its own maps. Due to this aspect, we could conclude that the threat is of low importance and thus irrelevant. Bargaining power of buyers At present, the buyers are inspecting/testing the new devices offering location based services. As the smartphones have yet to have imposed themselves on the navigation market, we could say that for reliability and comfort of use they will return to the PNDs. 9Nevertheless, with â€Å"predicted/expected† future success of substitutes, the bargaining power of the buyers with also increase and demand for a big product range will be high. Fierce price competition will also increase the buying power of customers and the product life cycle will grow shorter and shorter. This is currently the case with smartphones and other high-tech device. The price competition increases the pressure on manufacturers, and as such, increases the bargaining power of buyers. 3. Driving for ces and impact These are the two driving forces which have the biggest effect on TomTom 2.These driving forces will be analysed in order to show how they impact: demand, profitability and competition. The two forces are Lifestyle and Product innovation. Lifestyle of customers With the rise of smartphones people have become aware that a phone can be used for more than just texting and calling. Smartphones have the possibility to make photo’s, play games, surf the internet and also (most relevant for TomTom) navigate. Most smartphones have location software as part of their standard software package. This software has been able to provide consumers with TomTom’s core product, which is getting a person from A to B.The impacts of this driving force are: Demand Profitability Competition Demand for TomTom’s actual product has gone down, since people will use the free software on the phone instead of buying a PND 3. As a result of the actual demand decreasing, TomTom n ow also provides software for the smartphone. However, just providing the software is less profitable than the whole package (actual product) 4. Since companies have been able to start a company only providing software (also see: product innovation) competition has gone up significantly. Product innovationThe rise in smartphones over the last years has made innovation a driving force in the PND market. Since customers in the past needed the whole navigation device, they now only need the software and a smartphone to have exactly the same. What can be seen in the PND market today is that there are companies that have been able to become very popular on certain phones by providing free software 5. Examples are Google Maps, Nokia Maps, NavFree and 2 Source: http://bizcovering. com/business/top-ten-management-on-driving-forces-an-overview-of-whatdrives-the-world-to-the-future/ 3Source: http://www. advfn. com/nasdaq/StockNews. asp? stocknews=GRMN&article=48539475 4 Source: http://ereport . cfreport. com/tomtom/ar2011/#/1/ 5 Source: http://www. gratissoftware. nu/gratis-navigatiesysteem-navigatie-software. php 10 Waze. These products are purely software based and are a form of industry/form competition, but they are key examples of how product innovation affects TomTom. Demand Profitability Competition Demand for the actual product goes down due to cheaper/better alternatives.To compete with free navigation/location software TomTom will need to lower its price or increase services as a way to increase its competitive advantage. Both ways will result in lower profitability. Companies that in the past were not mayor competitors of TomTom have been able to use innovation. An example is Google Maps, in the past people could only print directions, which was indirect competition but nothing TomTom had to be worried about. Nowadays, with the smartphone and internet people can use Google Maps in their car making it direct competition. 4. TomTom NV, Strategic Group MappingMar ket Position of Rivals Tomtom NV is competing with its competitors in four business segments which are Automotive, Consumer, Licensing and business solutions. The company operates in almost all regions. The company has more than 15 direct and indirect competitors and more compeition is expected as the new navigation mobile technology is becoming very popular. The company has around 50% market share from Europe which means they make more than two-thirds of their revenue from this market. According to a recent report the company is facing a real challenge from Garmin Ltd, a Taiwan based GPS company.Garmin Ltd become a threat for Tomtom because of its low price products and currently it has 26% of market share in Europe. Garmin Ltd and Denso Corporation are competing with Tomtom in many countries by offering variety of electronics navigation products in automotive industry. In addition to that Cobra Electronics, HITT NV and MiTac are getting their foothold in different markets by offer ing different products and services however possessing the diverse product range in all sectors Tomtom have an upper hand on all competitors.In order to explain rival positions of Tomtom with comparison to other competitors different competitive characteristics can be described such as Product diversity, Number of Markets Served, Extent of branding, Pricing Policy and Distribution channels used. Below map explain the strategic position of the competitors. 11 TomTom NV Strategic Group Mapping 5. Competition In this chapter possible future steps of TomTom’s competitors will be discussed. This is done based on information found in annual reports and materials used at the stockholders meetings.The competitors have been analyzed based on four criteria: future goals, Assumptions they hold of their selves and the industry, current strategy and their capabilities. Cobra Electronics Corporation Future Goals †¢ Newer, younger demographics †¢ Expanded distribution †¢ Addi tional channels of trade †¢ Increasing Brand Equity †¢ Shift focus on smart phones Current strategy A â€Å"Develop or Die† philosophy Assumptions Capabilities Very close connection with the professional driver community Cobra Electronics Corporation is a leading communications company.It is a global company that is mainly focused on communication equipment such as Citizens Band radios, two-way radios and Marine electronics. They have recently introduced a strategy which they call â€Å"Develop or Die†. They desire to be a company driven my innovation. This reflected on the recent launch of products based on wireless solutions, specifically the mobile app products. #1 Choice of Professional Drivers The big competitive aspect of Cobra Electronics Corporation for TomTom is their professional driver product line. They focus mainly on navigation devices for professional drivers such as truck drivers, 2 aiding them in not only navigation but also tracking driving time and things such as load balancing. As of yet they have no plans to introduce navigation products for the consumer market. Garmin Ltd. Future Goals †¢ Focus on vertical integration †¢ seeks to expand our role in the auto OEM market Assumptions †¢ Continue to expect PND market to decline driving overall revenue declines in-line with prior expectations for the year with improving profitability throughout year †¢ Feels that integration with mobile products is the future Current strategy †¢ Win OEM opportunities with superior echnologies and global presence †¢ Focus on innovation, customer focus and vertical integration Capabilities †¢ Acquired NAVIGON and its Iphone and Android application †¢ Deep vertical integration Garmin is one of the leading providers of GPS enabled communication and information devices. Even though they are active in multiple industries such as marine and aviation the majority of their revenue is from the automotive/mob ile division. In other words, a serious competitor for TomTom. It has a very high market share in North America, also responsible for 61. % of their total revenue. They have recently acquired NAVIGON to not only boost their presence in Europe but also to gain a technological advantage, expanding their European centric R&D capabilities. The acquisition also enables them to provide deeper integration with mobile phones, something they feel is the future. Another major focus for Garmin Ltd. is to focus in integrating their navigation software with car manufacturers. A demonstration of this is the opening of an office in the Detroit area in May 2011. MiTAC (navman,mio,Magellan,TYAN) Future Goals Company needs to incorporate product functions over a highly integrated platform to ensure consistency. Assumptions †¢ The future of GPS lies in its integration with cell phones, cameras and other mobile devices, and the introduction of value-added services. Current strategy †¢ MiTAC h as appropriated at least 5% of its revenue for R&D spending in order to buttress its capacity in technologicalknow-how and product development †¢ Collaborate with the best software and hardware vendors to ensure sufficient material supply for key hardware components. Capabilities